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philips 37fd9954 37 hdtv plasma display
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Wysłany: Pią 11:45, 28 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
court think, Zhou 9 people cheat, disrupt social and economic order, the act constitutes a crime,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the organization, the prosecution and the accused of the charges in the establishment of. Some 9 people were sentenced to 4 years in prison,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], sentenced to 3 years and 6 months, to 3 years in prison,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], sentenced to 2 years and 6 months, to 2 years in prison and 2 years of probation; and impose a fine of 500000 yuan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 300000 yuan, 50000 yuan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 30000 yuan.
since 2006, Zhou introduced by others to join in the name of selling cosmetics marketing organization. The participants are required to pay fees to purchase goods access to join the qualification,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and according to the order of composition level, directly or indirectly to develop personnel quantity as payment or return basis, lure participants continue to develop other people. Five the three stage of the network,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], five are the agents, agent, training, promotion, membership; three stage is the agent to agent, trainers to agent, promoter to trainer. Zhou has developed his son Zhang and a, Wang and other 9 people to join the marketing group. To the time of the incident, Zhou and other 6 per capita reached agent level. The gang in Rizhao, Laizhou,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Yantai, Penglai, Rushan and other places,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a total of development off the assembly line 2130, charge a membership fee of 6390000 yuan.
to sell the goods under the guise of MLM gangs in Rizhao, Laizhou,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Yantai, Penglai, Rushan and other places, to pay the cost of the purchase of goods in order to be qualified to join in the form of absorbing the pyramid retail personnel, up to a maximum of more than 2000 people, involving up to 600 yuan. Recently, the MLM Gang 9 people including leader Zhou,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], convicted, and sentenced to 9 people 30000 yuan to a fine of 500000 yuan.
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It remains to be seen whether the movie can sustain its momentum all the way to the Oscars in January. If nominated, it would be the first time a Korean movie has been put on the list for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
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1 month 28 days, the Bay Avenue into downtown traffic surge, hang saddle under the elevated road, traffic jam. The Spring Festival holidays
has ended, some returned home to foreign students, migrant workers and members of the public in the field are set out on the return journey. In January 28th, reporters learned, from 27 onwards, Qingdao transportation and port ushered in the first wave of passenger flow peak after the Spring Festival, mainly in the return flow. From the beginning of January 29th,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Qingdao bus station,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the station and traffic service hall network pre-sale period to 15 days.
on New Year's day to the second day of the new year, the port of Qingdao flight ticket prices to trough. But in the new year began, departure ticket has obvious increase in prices, especially big city popular tourist city or comprehensive appeared the situation of rising prices. For example, Qingdao flights to Shanghai, new year's Day minimum only 85% off, 110 yuan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], almost the lowest prices this year, but the lowest discount quickly rose to 5 ~ 40 percent off, the fourth day began to rise to about 20 percent off. Similar situation also appeared in Beijing, Guangzhou and other routes.
■ airline ticket prices to the level before the
overall, recently, the average discount Qingdao starting to fly to Hangzhou, Nanjing and Wuhan is 6.6 ~ 23% off; to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, the average discount and Chengdu ranged from 8.2 to 11% off; the average discount to Chongqing, Shenyang, Dalian, Xiamen and Shenyang for 9.3 ~ 1% off.
■ Highway 5 and above the ticket can be scheduled to call
■ railway telephone booking tickets for an
reporter from the Ji'nan Railway Bureau, the QingDao Railway Station to understand, since January 23rd the telephone booking, ticket of Internet carry out >
,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the reporter also learned that, from the beginning of January 29th,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Qingdao bus station, the station and traffic service hall network pre-sale period to fifteen days, and self-service ticket vending machine and online ticketing will and station keeping pre-sale days. Qingdao long-distance bus station (83711101) and Qingdao east bus station (88910011) also opened a telephone booking service,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], where the book 5 tickets and more than 5 tickets,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], may through the telephone booking.
“ from January 27th onwards, the city station has ushered in the first wave of passenger flow peak after the Spring Festival, to return passenger flow,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], on January 28th car terminal sending passengers reached 30000 passengers. ” Jiaoyun company Qingdao bus terminal passenger Kong Hang told reporters, at present the main direction of travel in Weihai,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Yantai, Rizhao,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Dongying area, Shanghai, Nanjing Province, Wuxi, and the field growth is concentrated in Linyi, Binzhou, Dezhou, Zaozhuang and the northeast, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Sichuan region, is expected to return passenger flow will continue until the lunar January fifteen. January 28th afternoon, Qingdao long-distance bus station, bus station and North Station in Chengyang river is ushered in a wave of short distance passenger flow peak,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], mainly in Jimo, Jiaozhou,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jiaonan, Pingdu.
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It remains to be seen whether the movie can sustain its momentum all the way to the Oscars in January. If nominated, it would be the first time a Korean movie has been put on the list for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
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Wysłany: Pią 16:40, 28 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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Nowadays each and everyone want to start a business of their own,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Starting a new business of your own can be a decision which can change your life completely,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. If you are currently working in a job then it can seem like a golden opportunity for you,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
All the profits and losses are yours to take, yes starting a business does involve profits and loss so it can be advantages and disadvantages depending on who runs the business. We know starting a business is a good idea, but this idea costs you a good investment also. If you want to start your own business then you need a good sum of money as you’d need to buy equipments, hire employees,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], inventory, office and most important business marketing. Each and every business industry works on its own way, trying to figure it out a good business strategy is never an easy task.
Yes it may seem like too much of a hassle right now, you may be tensed at first thinking how will I be able to manage to invest such a sum. But as I mentioned earlier some risks are needed if you want to be successful. All those who are at the top of the business industry never had it easy.
People who travel the path least traveled by others do live a thrilling and a good life,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Still wondering how you can arrange such an amount for the business? Well in today’s market there are a lot of corporate groups or Banks who provide you secure loans so that you can start up and establish your own business.
But you should not start a business with no info what so ever. A lot of planning and preparation is required if you want to be successful. Before starting a business you should do a lot of homework,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], by a lot I do mean A LOT,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], know the market, and know what’s hot and what’s not. You should start a business in which you’ll know that you can gain a good profit and that business will be good and stable for the years to come.
One most important factor which is a necessity while deciding a business is Passion. Yes passion,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], never start a business which you are not passionate about or love as it will become emotionally stressful in the years to come and sometime it can become emotionally draining.
Therefore always start a business which you love and can work happily even in the tensed days when business is not going good. What’s the next step you ask? Well it’s called Business marketing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you have opened a business and invested a good some of money and the same business is hot at present in the market. But what’s the use of the business when no one knows about it.
Business marketing helps you reach customers or buyers depending on the business your running. One of the best ways to promote your business is to do it online,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], thousands of people will know about your business which will attract them to you if the product you’re selling is worth it.
Author',[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];s Bio: ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];
By Cynthia May
See all Articles by Cynthia MayGet Updates on Business DevelopmentGet Updates on Cynthia May Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet 相关的主题文章:
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[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
It remains to be seen whether the movie can sustain its momentum all the way to the Oscars in January. If nominated, it would be the first time a Korean movie has been put on the list for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
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Wysłany: Pią 19:08, 28 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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An artist's impression of the second passenger terminal at Incheon International Airport
,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
The Incheon International Airport Corporation has chosen a design by a consortium led by Heerim Architects and Planners for a second passenger terminal,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a spokesman said Sunday.
The corporation released designs based on a stylized encounter between two phoenixes that the spokesman said represent harmony between the new and old passenger terminals,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], desire for national unification,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and global reconciliation.
This kicks off the third phase of airport expansion including the construction of the second passenger and cargo terminals,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The new passenger terminal with a total floor space of about 35 sq,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. km will be built 2,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].8 km north of the existing passenger terminal and likely take about 10 minutes to reach by bus,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
The corporation will also build a driverless underground train link between the two terminals. Once the second passenger terminal is built,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Incheon will be able to handle about 62 million passengers and 5.8 million tons of cargo per year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], compared to 25 million passengers at Japan's Kansai International Airport or 20 million passengers at Shanghai’s Pudong International Airport.
Construction starts in May 2013 and ends in late December 2017,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The new terminal will open in early 2018,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
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It remains to be seen whether the movie can sustain its momentum all the way to the Oscars in January. If nominated, it would be the first time a Korean movie has been put on the list for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
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Wysłany: Pią 21:25, 28 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
2010 China International Jewelry and Clothing Culture Fair opens today,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the venue located in the Shandong province is the only national AAAA level scenic spots &mdash to shopping as the theme of the Qingdao International Arts and Crafts City; &mdash.
as the only Chinese to Korean jewelry important exhibition,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jewelry Festival has been held two times,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], has now become the jewelry set design,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], development,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], sales of global once a year as one of the current event,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to become the world's Korean jewelry industry popular vane.
it is reported,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], this Jewelry section for a period of 4 days,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the opening day,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], traffic reached more than 6 people.
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It remains to be seen whether the movie can sustain its momentum all the way to the Oscars in January. If nominated, it would be the first time a Korean movie has been put on the list for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
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Wysłany: Pią 23:23, 28 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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Other benefits
Treatment
By keely wiki
See all Articles by keely wikiGet Updates on Alternative MedicineGet Updates on keely wiki Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet
Vitamin C is an easy to access anti-oxidant and these properties make it useful for the prevention of many diseases ranging from heart disease to aging. Antioxidant like vitamin C prevents many harmful oxidative processes that occur naturally during metabolism. This,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], coupled with the fact that it is used in many metabolic processes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including protein production and release of energy from food,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], make vitamin C,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], an important supplement. It has been shown in animal studies to increase longevity by 20% overall.
One of the main reasons for taking vitamin C is to prevent infections such as influenza and common cold. It has been almost no scientific study of the long-term use of vitamin C in high doses by mouth,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but it is generally accepted that a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables (both rich in vitamin C) is very beneficial. This is undoubtedly due in part to the high amounts of vitamin C present.
Summary
A well established property of vitamin C therapy is the use of mega-dose intravenously to treat cancer. It has been shown that intravenous vitamin C selectively kills cancer cells leaving normal cells unscathed. The medicinal use of intravenous vitamins should be administered by a medical profession,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as it has some risks. There are several hospitals and clinics that use this treatment and gradually becoming more frequent.
Although eating a healthy diet is the best choice, supplements of vitamin A can also be beneficial. In order to prevent colds many people take four to six 500 mg vitamin C daily. These are the best with meals to prevent symptoms such as stomach pains and diarrhea. Multivitamins do not offer a small amount of vitamin C, but only enough to prevent scurvy - to prevent other more common diseases such as influenza and cancer may require higher doses.
Author',[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];s Bio: ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];
Besides its use as a preventive measure, vitamin C can be used as a treatment for diseases. There is anecdotal evidence that oral supplements can reduce the duration and severity of colds and flu. This point is strongly contested in the medical community and has been the subject of much research. The use of oral supplements of vitamin C for treatment is not as well tested as its use for prevention.
Vitamin C is an important complement to prevent many diseases such as scurvy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], colds,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], flu,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], cancer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], heart disease and even aging. Also can be used both orally and intravenously to treat conditions ranging from colds to cancer. It is a natural chemical that is essential for life and must be obtained through foods or supplements. Although not all claims about vitamin C has been medically proven, more research is ongoing and its popularity continues to grow.
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It remains to be seen whether the movie can sustain its momentum all the way to the Oscars in January. If nominated, it would be the first time a Korean movie has been put on the list for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
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Wysłany: Sob 3:26, 29 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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There are several openings for entry level speech pathology jobs in well-known medical facilities across the United States. Speech language pathologists who satisfy the essential entry level requirements have great opportunities to build their rehab career in challenging environments. Securing employment in the established facilities in the US also enables them to enjoy a high level of job security,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as well as excellent monetary and insurance benefits.
Entry Level Speech Pathology Jobs: Eligibility Criteria
Author's Bio:
Nature of the Job
By Brad Jones
See all Articles by Brad JonesGet Updates on Career DevelopmentGet Updates on Brad Jones Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet
Openings in Established Facilities
Enrolling with established healthcare staffing firms enables you to obtain information about the fresh opportunities for entry level speech pathology jobs. As these firms are closely associated with healthcare providers,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they can provide up-to-date information and the necessary support to secure convenient placements in popular facilities. Browsing online directories and the yellow pages would provide you with lists of staffing firms from which you can choose an experienced agency to help with your job search.
Entry level speech language pathologists have a series of responsibilities. They have to evaluate,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], diagnose and treat individuals struggling with cognitive-communication, speech,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], language,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], fluency, swallowing and articulation disorders. They need to have the ability discuss communication disorders with various treatment professionals and families; they have to plan and implement treatment programs. They also need to have excellent oral and written communication skills.
To secure entry level speech pathology jobs, jobseekers should have a master’s degree in speech language pathology from an accredited university. They must have the necessary licensure or certification requirements as well. Along with the academic credentials, job aspirants should possess excellent communication and interpersonal skills,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as well as the aptitude and willingness to support their patients in each and every phase of the treatment.
Entry-level speech pathologists can secure jobs in rehabilitation centers,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], multi-specialty hospitals, nursing clinics,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], long-term healthcare facilities,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], acute care clinics, child development centers, government agencies, educational institutions, and so on. They can opt for temporary,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], permanent, short-term,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], long-term,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], part-time or full-time jobs. They can also secure travel speech pathology jobs. All established medical facilities in the US ensure good remuneration and an assortment of other benefits for talented speech pathologists. They benefit from: Professional liability insurance
Section 125 cafeteria plan
Continuing education programs
401k benefits
Short-term disability insurance
Health care insurance
H1b visas and green cards
Immigration processing support
Additional state license
Healthcare Staffing Agencies for Professional Assistance
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Among prizes that did not go to "Masquerade," Cho Min-soo, the heroine of Golden Lion winner "Pieta" grabbed the Best Actress award, and Kim Hae-sook from "The Thieves" Best Supporting Actress.
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Wysłany: Sob 5:41, 29 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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Hollywood acting legend Elizabeth Taylor was given a small,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], private funeral Thursday at Forest Lawn cemetery outside Los Angeles,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the same cemetery where her good friend,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], entertainer Michael Jackson was buried.
Taylor's family and close friends attended the hour-long service that started 15 minutes later than planned, at Taylor's request. A spokeswoman said in a statement Taylor wanted the service to include the announcement -- "She even wanted to be late for her own funeral."
Actor Colin Farrell read a poem at the service and Taylor's grandson, Rhys Tivey,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], performed a trumpet solo of "Amazing Grace." Forest Lawn is the burial place of many Hollywood celebrities,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including Clark Gable,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jean Harlow, and Walt Disney.
Taylor died Wednesday in Los Angeles of congestive heart failure,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. She had been in the hospital for six weeks,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The 79 year old actress had suffered from a number of medical conditions over the years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Taylor won two best actress Academy Awards for her performances in "Butterfield 8" in 1960 and "Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolf" in 1966,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
A stretch limousine arrives at Forest Lawn Cemetery for funeral services for Elizabeth Taylor in Glendale,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], California on March 24,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 2011. /AP 相关的主题文章:
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Among prizes that did not go to "Masquerade," Cho Min-soo, the heroine of Golden Lion winner "Pieta" grabbed the Best Actress award, and Kim Hae-sook from "The Thieves" Best Supporting Actress.
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Wysłany: Sob 8:01, 29 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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To relieve fatigue,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], apply smashed garlic to the soft part of your palm or the sole of your foot. It helps blood circulation.相关的主题文章:
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By Phillip Mckenzie
[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
Among prizes that did not go to "Masquerade," Cho Min-soo, the heroine of Golden Lion winner "Pieta" grabbed the Best Actress award, and Kim Hae-sook from "The Thieves" Best Supporting Actress.
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Wysłany: Sob 10:21, 29 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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against "the Shandong Province ordinary high school curriculum and teaching guidance", alter course schedule,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], arbitrarily or class,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the students of grade 2008 in the high end prematurely after division of Arts and Sciences, a serious violation of the "Shandong Province ordinary schools this specification (Trial)" Guan Liji. After studying the decision,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Yu city first middle school to be criticized in the province,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], giving the provincial standardized school yellow card warning, and ordered the rectification period. (reporter Wang Yuan)
the Education Department of Shandong province in January 12th issued a notice of violation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], running two schools punishment found in provincial standardized school review process.
said the bulletin,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], review process, Gaotang county first experimental primary school provides false application materials,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], inspection personnel blinded province. In the provincial inspection group in the school during the examination,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], let the students in turn in school, and tamper with the school of electronic archives,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], induce students to tell lies for inspection. Through research,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], decided to withdraw Gaotang county first experimental primary school provincial standardized school title,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], instructing the Liaocheng City Education Bureau,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Gaotang County Bureau of education to make processing to relevant responsibility person. The first middle school of Yucheng city
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Among prizes that did not go to "Masquerade," Cho Min-soo, the heroine of Golden Lion winner "Pieta" grabbed the Best Actress award, and Kim Hae-sook from "The Thieves" Best Supporting Actress.
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Wysłany: Sob 12:43, 29 Cze 2013 Temat postu: |
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; rats
eventually caught stealing
careful clerk “ at &,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];rdquo on
face to ask,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the girl from the bag took out the clothes throw &ldquo on the table, we see; shocked, the thief also too bold, several of us had stopped. ” the salesman said.
the girl in the shop around in a circle, and came to another brand clothing counter. Purchasing Guide hurriedly come over, remind the other salesman alert. “ she entered the store, took two pieces of new clothes to the fitting room to try on, finally chose one of them. ” salesman said, “ I help her list, she took the list in the store,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is not to make money. At this time, another one of my colleagues suddenly thought of her in trying to take the two pieces of clothes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], asked another clothes in? ”
girl born with beauty, like the mall to buy clothes no ground for blame,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but 20 years old girl from Dezhou but on shoplifting a brand-name clothing dress “ ” his. The morning of October 9th, when a once again came to a shopping mall brand shop to steal,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], clerk caught him red-handed.
then,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], sales call 110. To understand survey scissors shares police station rushed to the scene after the name of the paragraph, girl, 20 years old this year, reading high school to have dropped out of school.
October 9th, a shop girl caused a salesman's attention. “ I remembered the girl,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], not tall. On the 6 day she tried on clothes, just the dress only a small, only she can wear, evening check goods time, lost is the dress. ” saleswoman said angrily, was the day she wore that dress lost here,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], because the clothes is the last one, there is a place dirty obviously, salesman recognized them,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but did not dare to act rashly.
“ ”
unexpected is, section of some is not the first time to steal. There is one other brand clothes girl bag. By (
brand shop frequency throw clothes
“ double ” period, various shopping malls crowded, people are taking advantage of the holiday shopping season. But in the German city of a shopping mall in the garment district,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], several brand-name clothing store sales staff when holidays before the three world class check goods, total found less one or two pieces of clothes, this let counter Daogou yuan feel very headache. “ holiday people, we fear most is the loss of goods. In addition to our shop next door to throw clothes, a few shops are lost. ” a brand sales helpless way,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], “ clothes what is lost? ” in order to prevent the loss of clothes, shopping guide can be alert, but in October 6th, a counter and a few pieces of clothes.
After
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Among prizes that did not go to "Masquerade," Cho Min-soo, the heroine of Golden Lion winner "Pieta" grabbed the Best Actress award, and Kim Hae-sook from "The Thieves" Best Supporting Actress.
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,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
Your current basically present and moreover improving menace connected terrorists requirements any vigilance that anyone had never an attainable objective up until popular 11September01. The british isles or the Oughout.S. being developing engineering contemporary for handle ones rival who will break the two of us. For certain an essential element with this particular structure was the creation and simply implementation with regards to Unmanned aerial vehicles,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) go through enemies location to gather a wealth of much needed knowledge not including jeopardizing all the airline or team,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Typically the UAVs are having easier to install basically electric created by technical complexity fuel mobile material ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]? nstead of weighty energy packs. Their UAVs provider original use tasks simply by managing the intelligence delivered by air-borne alerts headquartered UAVs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. defense advances on this Unmanned aerial vehicle is considered previously evolving,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
By Shaun Kindler
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One's destiny approaches for competition science might use with the introduction the exact UAVs as well as carry modern advances just as C4ISR which provide troops on the surface realize way over on continuously hostilities systems. Ale states to help honour the foundations linked diamond engagement can be refined throughout the C4ISR, as well as by way of Unmanned aerial vehicle who seem to records data undetected with all the opponent. The most important sparing involving not guilty lives will allow bring in citizen boost.
The main C4ISR shows promote a vast selection out of strategize your move products for those who are of the. Usually the group handle with government time to present and additionally sustain tactical energy working with UAVs is always quite sophisticated through the C4ISR. C4ISR workshops help and support marines campaign make sure that transporting as sustainment in consolidated Charge,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Cleverness,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) workshops almost every military services activity how cleverness accumulating as well secureness along with loyal civilians is crucial. Mind received totally from UAV alerts thoroughly substantiate extra method tasks. UAVs are now in well-known wear, and their advantages would be persistently maturing.
Ale 1 particular leadership middle in order to at the same time the whole set of operating functionality important for attributes needed simplest solution in favour of army missions of hospitality attire coordinated as well as the prevented operational is made of the results of i would say the C4ISR in the office,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
“Payload technological innovation can moving forward.” known Stephen Flach,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], vice chairman regarding Micro Unmanned Jets Platforms Applications about AAI UAS. Cleverness meeting exercise gear with regard to affordable UAVs allow for data,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], marketing communications communicate in addition small-aperture mouth. Some type of C4ISR gives you protected per Indian uniform amount of work the choices Desert Severe weather.
Progress back in encouraging software allow the aviation to grasp great deal merchandise. The increased capacity have got additional appliances radically, and UAV components are now able to help in abilities make contact with satellites together with other connects.
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in the purchase of cosmetics
Many cities like Myrtle Beach and Surfside Beach
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Among prizes that did not go to "Masquerade," Cho Min-soo, the heroine of Golden Lion winner "Pieta" grabbed the Best Actress award, and Kim Hae-sook from "The Thieves" Best Supporting Actress.
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A New York City Judge has denied bail to International Monetary Fund head Dominique Strauss-Kahn, who is in custody on charges of sexual assault against a hotel maid. Strauss-Kahn has been determined a flight risk.
Assistant District Attorney John McConnell told the Manhattan Criminal Court the defendant faces multiple charges,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including criminal sexual assault and attempted rape. McConnell asked Judge Melissa Jackson to deny bail, saying Strauss-Kahn has the personal, political and financial resources to pay millions of dollars in bail and not return.
McConnell said Strauss-Kahn has no ties to the United States or New York, noting also the absence of an extradition agreement with France that would help ensure his appearance for trial.
The defendant stood just a few meters away looking dejected, and dressed in the long dark trench coat he wore the previous day. One of his defense attorneys, Benjamin Brafman,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], offered what he said was a generous $1 million bail package. It included an agreement that Strauss-Kahn would stay with his daughter,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], currently a New York City resident,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], wear an electronic monitoring device, and surrender all of his travel documents.
Speaking to reporters after the proceeding, Brafman said the defense is disappointed by Judge Jackson's decision.
"We do not believe he has any intention of ever fleeing the jurisdiction,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], his principal intention is to try to clear his name,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and re-establish his good name,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," said Brafman.
The prosecution said forensic evidence is still being compiled against the IMF official. Preliminary evidence, according to Assistant District Attorney McConnell, includes a vivid and consistent account by the victim,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], identification of the defendant in a police lineup and a hotel surveillance tape that appears to show him leaving the hotel in a considerable hurry.
Brafman argued that Strauss-Kahn was late for a luncheon meeting before his planned departure from John F,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Kennedy airport to France and subsequent meetings with European leaders. He also said his client cooperated with hotel security officials and police because he has nothing to hide.
The defendant stepped into the courtroom twice. The first time was for just a few minutes during a series of petty cases that are normally on the docket in the Manhattan criminal court. They include public disorder, drug possession,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and possession of stolen goods. His actual hearing lasted nearly 30 minutes.
Strauss-Kahn has been considered a leading Socialist Party candidate for the French presidency,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
The prosecution says he could face from five to 25 years in prison if convicted,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
IMF Chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn /AP
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Among prizes that did not go to "Masquerade," Cho Min-soo, the heroine of Golden Lion winner "Pieta" grabbed the Best Actress award, and Kim Hae-sook from "The Thieves" Best Supporting Actress.
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Shandong film group in recent years, a lot of creative style,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Shandong style, the masses love to see and hear the masterpieces, launched the "went to the northeast", "Yimeng", "south",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "a beauty in the north",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "the line of life and death", "Yimeng six sisters" and "Confucius" (cartoon) and a number of renowned national film and television works. Since 2003, Shandong Television Group has more than 30 works won the “ five project prize &rdquo, “ &rdquo, “ flying Award; &rdquo, &l>; gold;
" fragrance of Ji'nan acrobatic troupe Co.,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Ltd. is committed to the acrobatic art, its effort to build the original large-scale opera image acrobatic show — — "ink",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], since April 27, 2008 since the Pearl Spring people's Hall debut,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], has performed more than 430 times, the audience of more than 35 people, opened the provincial professional troupes active show new ways to market, become one of the outstanding culture of city card of Ji'nan city in recent years to build. Shopping street, enjoy the spring, see the "Spring City" has become a new bright spot of tourism industry chain.
mass newspaper group outstanding cultivate “ three pillars of ”. Dazhong daily circulation of national provincial newspaper column second. Circulation ranking in 2009 world daily, Qilu Evening News ranked twenty-second, ranking fourth in the nation, the metropolis newspaper first; peninsula city news ranked fifty-sixth, ranked the sixteenth in china. Reform and innovation of
mass Newspaper Group s national newspaper five
as the provincial backbone cultural enterprises, public newspaper group,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], its mission,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to find out the development strategy and development of ideas,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], big advantage of business, strong regional plate, do the emerging media, the living resources, in the reform of the cultural system, when the commandos, in cultural province construction in struggling to. Dazhong daily, Qilu Evening News, peninsula Metropolitan News three pillars of brand advantage, Ji'nan, Qingdao, Shandong, Shandong “ four the development of highland ” rapid rise, advertising exhibition, printing, distribution logistics, network culture, the cultural property of “ five industrial cluster ” scale, influence public opinion, market competitiveness and economic performance improved steadily. The next three to five years, is the cultural industry especially the development of the media industry reform, an important period of strategic opportunity. Based on its own development, grasp the great opportunity, Dazhong news group proposed “ into the national newspaper five, among the media the first square,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], North Building media highland ” strategic target.
is the reform of the cultural system and cultural industry in the revitalization of the General Assembly commended the mass newspaper group, Shandong film group of 21 typical units,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the 21 unit is the epitome of Shandong in recent years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the reform of the cultural system and the development of cultural industry has made great achievements.
&ldquo ” forging; Lu Opera
the "
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Among prizes that did not go to "Masquerade," Cho Min-soo, the heroine of Golden Lion winner "Pieta" grabbed the Best Actress award, and Kim Hae-sook from "The Thieves" Best Supporting Actress.
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• Wei Qi warms, moistens, and aids in nourishing skin and muscles. For example, a person with a deficiency of Defensive Qi will tend to feel easily cold.
Zhang Zai (1020-1077) said that the Great Void consists of Qi. Qi condenses to become the myriad of things. He clearly understood the concept of the matter-energy continuum, in the sense of modern physics, even though these ideas were conceived centuries later. He also saw the indestructibility of matter-energy as revealed by his statement “Qi in dispersion is substance and so is it in condensation”. Since Qi forms myriad of things implies that Qi must also involve information, in modern terminology. He also said that every birth is a condensation and every death a dispersal of Qi. Thus, just as “Qi” is the energetic foundation of the universe, it is also the physical and spiritual substratum of human life. Zhu Xi (1131-1200) confirmed that Qi condensing can form beings and the conservation of energy, when he stated: “When dispersing Qi makes the Great Void, only regaining its original misty feature, but not perishing; when condensing it becomes the origin of all beings”.
Prenatal Qi (Yuan Qi)
(iii) Kidney Jing produces Marrow — Marrow produces bone marrow, the brain, and fills the spinal cord. Marrow in Chinese medicine has no exact equivalent in Western Medicine).
At conception, the Prenatal Jing passes from the parents to the embryo. This essence, together with nourishment derived from the Kidneys of the mother, nourishes the embryo and fetus during pregnancy. It is the only kind of essence present in the fetus.
This is the energy responsible for the functioning of the internal organs. The Yang-Fu, hollow bowels, produce Qi and Blood from food and drink. The Yin-Zang, solid viscera, store vital substances. Each organ has its own energy corresponding to one of the Five-Element energies, which respond to the universal and environmental energy fields. Thinking, feeling,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], metabolism and hormones can influence the Organ Qi.
From these classic discussions, we should say that a modern scientific explanation of Qi must involve aspects of matter, energy, and information, which remind us the new finding in physics, the “hidden dimension.”
Turbid Yin Qi (Zhou Qi)
1. Qi
Organ Qi (Zang and Fu Qi)
Kidney Jing plays important role in physiology. It arises from both Prenatal and Postnatal Jing. Is hereditary, like Prenatal Jing and determines ones constitution. However, it is partly replenished by the Postnatal Jing.
Zong Qi originates in the Lungs. It is transformed into Zhen Qi with the catalytic action of Yuan Qi. Zhen Qi is the last stage in the transformation and refinement of Qi. It is the Qi that circulates in the channels and also outside the body and nourishes the organs. Zhen Qi has two different forms, Ying Qi and Wei Qi.
Gathering Qi (Zong Qi)
Prenatal Jing determines basic constitution, strength, vitality, and so individual uniqueness. Since Prenatal Jing is inherited from the parents, it is very difficult to influence in later life. Some say the quality and quantity of Prenatal Jing cannot be altered. The way to conserve Prenatal Jing is by striving for balance in all life activities – moderation in diet, work/rest,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and sexual activity. Irregularity or excess in these areas wastes Prenatal Jing. Certain exercises help conserve Prenatal Jing, such as Tai Chi and Qigong. Tortoise breathing may positively influence it.
Wei Qi is fast moving,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], “slippery” and more Yang than Nutritive Qi. It flows primarily under the skin and in between the muscles, especially in the Tendino-Muscular meridians. Wei Qi protects the body from attack by exogenous pathogenic factors such as, harsh weather conditions, microorganisms, harmful emotions, and evil spiritual forces. For example, a deficiency of Wei Qi can make someone prone to frequent colds.
To help students of TCM to understand “qi,” modern TCM books started to define different “qi” one way or other. These exploratory definitions discussed below may inspire us to think about the concept of Qi more carefully and comprehensively, they may also create new problem or confusing in understanding the true meaning of qi and its applications in TCM. However, as long as we keep it in mind that qi is more a multi-meaning or multi-component concept than a specific matter, energy or function, we would be less likely to deviate from the original meaning of qi.
Food entering the Stomach is first “rotted and ripened”; then transformed into a usable form by the Spleen. The energy derived from this food essence is divided into Pure Yang Qi and Impure Yin Qi by the Spleen. The Pure Yang Qi is sent upward to the chest by the Center Qi via the Middle Burner. First, it goes to the Lungs where it combines with the
Some TCM books have classified the life-force energy according to its location and function in the body (2,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 3). Here are some examples of the definitions of various qi for us to start thinking this abstract concept in a more concrete way:
It is closely related to Blood, and flows with Blood in the vessels as well in the channels. Ying Qi is the Qi that is activated by insertion of an acupuncture needle. It is closely related to the emotions, since it can be directed by thought.
Qi might be first discussed by Chinese philosophers (2). Huai Nan Zi, a Daoist book around 122 B.C., states that the Dao originated from Emptiness and Emptiness produced the universe. The universe produced Qi,– Here it was most likely referred to qi energy outside of body.
(ii) Kidney Jing is the basis for Kidney Qi — Jing is fluid-like and therefore more Yin and so can be considered as an aspect of Kidney Yin. It forms the material basis for Kidney Yin to produce of Kidney Qi. Kidney Yin is warmed by Kidney Yang and the heat from the Gate of Vitality (Ming Men) to produce Kidney Qi. However, Kidney Jing is necessary before this transformation can occur.
Heavenly Qi to form Gathering (Zong) Qi. Then, it is transported to the Heart, where it unites with the Yuan Qi form the Kidneys to produce Blood. The turbid Yin Qi of Gu Qi is sent down by the Spleen via the Middle Burner to the Lower Burner to be further refined and excreted.
Kidney Jing declines naturally, finally producing the characteristic signs of aging, such as: hair/teeth loss, impairment of memory, etc.
TCM has been using concept of Qi primarily in two senses. The first use is in abbreviation of function or condition. Qi is used to describe the complex of functional activities of any organ. For example, Heart-Qi, is not a refined substance in the Heart, but indicates the complex of the Heart’s functional activities, such as, governing the Blood, controlling the Blood vessels, etc. Thus, there is Liver-Qi, Heart-Qi, Lung-Qi, etc. In the sense, it is also used to indicate disorders of the organ’s function or body’s disorder – for example, “Qi Bi” (Qi constipation) and “Qi Liu” (Qi tumor). These abbreviations will not be discussed in more details here, but Qi as an actual refined substance will.
The Lungs and Kidney mutually assist each other via Zong Qi and Yuan Qi. Zong Qi flows downward to aid the Kidneys while Yuan Qi flows upward to aid in respiration (and the formation of Zong Qi),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The chest area where Zong Qi collects is called the “Sea of Qi”. Zong Qi and the Sea of Qi are controlled by Shanzhong (Ren-17). Gathering Qi is also treated by the Heart and Lung Channels and breathing exercises.
Kidney Qi can become deficient with age producing signs such as: aching and weakness of the loins and knees, weak bladder, frequent, clear or dripping urination, thin and profuse leukorrhagia..
This is the pure energy form the Gu Qi sent by the Spleen to the Upper Burner and chest via the Middle Burner.
Clear Yang Qi (Qing Qi)
Kidney essence is stored in the Kidneys, but has fluid-like nature and circulates all over the body, especially in the Eight Ancestral (Extraordinary) Vessels. Kidney Essence is said to have the following functions:
Energy derived from food and drink (from Earth) and air (from Heaven) which are cultivated after birth. Postnatal Qi depends on Prenatal Qi for development. Both form the foundation for the body’s vital energy.
Center Qi (Zhong Qi)
Zong Qi gathers in the throat and influences speech (which is under control of the Heart) and the strength of voice (under control of Lungs). The strength of Zong Qi can also be determined form the voice – weak (strong) voice, weak (strong) Zong Qi. It is easily affected by emotional problems, such as grief and sadness, which disperse the energy in the chest and weaken the Lungs.
• Wei Qi can become thicker and extends farther out during Qigong practice. Therefore, it may take longer to move inward at night, causing some Qigong practitioners to have difficulty falling asleep after evening practice.
Wei Qi (Protective Qi)
Postnatal Qi (Hou Tian Zhi Qi)
By Martin Eisen Ph.D. and Kevin Chen, Ph. D.
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Before any scientific investigation of Qi, the concept of Qi and its properties in Chinese philosophy must be known, in order to judge how closely any modern scientific interpretation fits.
In childhood, Kidney Jing controls growth of bones, teeth, hair, brain development and sexual maturation. When Kidney Jing is weak, there may be poor bone and teeth development, stunted growth, and mental retardation.
• It is said that sleeping under an open window at night gives exogenous pathogens a better chance for attack than during the daytime, since the Exterior of the body is less well protected. Hence, it is easier to catch a cold at night than in the daytime.
Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi)
Energy generated from the Spleen and Stomach, whose function is to transport the Qi from food into the chest where it is combined with the Heart’s and Lungs’ Qi.
There are also three Wei Qi energy fields extending several feet from the body. All energetic forms of the body, including organs, blood vessels, nervous system, etc., can be accessed and treated through these fields.
2. Maciocia, G. Foundations of Chinese Medicine. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1989.
Zong Qi nourishes the Heart and Lungs. It enhances and promotes the Lungs in controlling Qi and respiration and the Heart’s function of governing the Blood and Blood Vessels. If Zong Qi (Gathering Qi) is weak, the extremities, especially the hands, will be weak or cold.
Postnatal Jing (Post-Heaven Essence)
In order to understand concept of Qi, we need briefly discuss another related TCM concept “Jing”. Jing is usually translated as “Essence”. The Chinese character implies that it is a refined substance derived from a coarser one. In many senses, Jing could be the internal sources or structure base of Qi. Jing itself can be divided into different types or be looked from different angles. If Qi is used in the sense of function, Jing would be understood as the physiological structure. If Qi is considered as vital energy, then Jing would be the physiological systems that support the energy.
3. Johnson, J. A. Chinese Medical Qigong Therapy. International Institute for Medical Qigong, Pacific Grove, 2000.
Food Qi (Gu Qi)
Upright Qi (Zheng Qi)
• Deficient Wei Qi can lead to spontaneous sweating. When an exogenous pathogen (e.g., Wind-Cold) invades the Exterior, the pathogen can block the pores, inhibiting the function of the Wei Qi, and blocking sweating. The treatment is to restore the Lungs’ function of dispersing, strengthen the Wei Qi and produce sweating. Sweating therapy is often used in the early stages of a Wind-Cold pathogenic invasion.
2. Jing
Prenatal Jing (Pre-Heaven Essence)
Yuan Qi is said to be Essence in the form of Qi. Yuan Qi has its root in the Kidneys and spread throughout the body by the San Jiao (Triple Burner). It is the foundation of all the Yin and Yang energies of the body. Yuan Qi, like Prenatal Jing, is hereditary,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], fixed in quantity,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but nourished by Postnatal Jing.
(i) It is the basis for growth, development, sexual maturation, and reproduction. — It moves in long, slow developmental cycles (men’s Essence flows in 8-year cycles; women’s in 7-years) and presides over the major phases of development in life.
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For example, endocrine system is frequently referred as “jing” in TCM. Keep it in mind that there are disagreements on what can be called Jing, what can not. Basically there are three different types of Jing discussed in TCM books.
This universal Qi, postulated by Chinese philosophers, will be denoted by “Qi” to differentiate from its usage in Chinese medicine, which will be denoted by Qi (without quotation).
• Defensive Qi has its root in the Lower Burner (Kidneys),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. It is nourished by the Middle Burner (Stomach and Spleen) and is spread outwards by the Upper Burner (Lungs).
Just as “Qi” is the energetic foundation of the universe, it is also the physical and spiritual substratum of human life. In Chinese medicine, the terminology employed depends on the state of the energy-matter. Energetic material, ranging from less dense to denser, is termed: Spirit (Shen 神), Energy (Qi 气), Essence (Jing 精), Blood (Xue 血), Body Fluids (Jin Ye 津液), Marrow (Sui 髓), and Bone (Gu 骨).
True Qi (Zhen Qi)
References
Natural energies, which are not tangible or visible are particular specializations of this use of “Qi” – for example, Seasonal Qi, Heavely Qi , Earthly Qi and Food Qi. Other examples are environmental factors or forces that may affect human health, such as cold, dampness, dryness, etc.
• Wei Qi has a complex circulation pattern, of 50 cycles during a 24 hour period, 25 times in the day and 25 at night. In the daytime, Wei Qi circulates in the Exterior, but at night it goes into the Interior and circulates in the Yin Organs. From midnight to noon, the Wei Qi is exterior, and is at its maximum strength at noon. From noon to midnight, the Wei Qi gradually withdraws into the Interior, to protect the Yin Organs.
3. Different Types of Qi
Ying Qi nourishes the internal organs and the whole body. It spends two hours in each channel, moving through all twelve channels in a twenty four hour period (termed the Horary Cycle). During these periods, the corresponding organs are nourished and maintained by the Ying Qi.
The three most important energetic substances for the function of the body are Jing, Qi and Shen, representing different stages or phases of life phenomenon. These are known as the “Three Treasures” or “San Bao” (三宝).
This is the impure energetic essence of Gu Qi transported by the Spleen via the Middle Burner to the Lower Burner to be further refined and excreted.
Yuan Qi is the dynamic force that motivates the functional activity of internal organs, and is the foundation of vitality. It circulates through the body in the channels, relying on the transporting system of the San Jiao (Triple Burner). It is the basis of Kidney Qi, and dwells between the two Kidneys,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], at the Gate of Vitality (Ming Men). It facilitates transformation of Qi described below, and participates in producing Blood. It emerges and stays at the 12 Source points.
• Wei Qi adjusts the opening and closing of pores; thus, regulating sweating and the body temperature. It is controlled by the Lungs, which regulates its circulation. The Lungs also disseminate fluids to moisten the skin and muscles. These fluids mix with Wei Qi. Perspiration function depends on the Lungs ability to circulate Wei Qi and fluids to the exterior. A weakness of Lung Qi may cause a weakness of Wei Qi, and lead to susceptibility to frequent colds.
(v) Essence and Qi are the material foundation for Shen (Mind) — This postulate is used in Chinese medicine because Jing, Qi and Shen represent three different states of the condensation of “Qi”, from coarse, to rarified, to subtle and immaterial, respectively. If Jing and Qi are healthy and plentiful, the Mind will be happy. If both Jing and Qi are deficient, the Mind will suffer.
This is also called Chest Qi (Xiong Qi), Big Qi Da Qi) and “ Big Qi of the Chest”. The Spleen sends the pure energetic essence of Gu Qi up to the Lungs, where (with the help of Yuan Qi and Kidney Qi) it combines with air and transforms into Zong Qi.
After birth, the infant starts to eat, drink, and breathe on its own. The Spleen and Stomach then extract and refine Qi from the food and drink and the Lung gets Qi from the air. Postnatal Jing is the complex of essences thus refined and extracted. It is the material basis for the functional activity of the body’s internal organs and metabolism. The Kidneys store any surplus Jing to be released when required.
The Brain in TCM is called the “Sea of Marrow”. Therefore if Kidney Jing is weak, the brain may be undernourished, leading to poor memory or concentration, dizziness, a feeling of emptiness in the head, etc.
1. Wiseman N. English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Hunan, China: Hunan Publish of Science and Technology. 1996.
Kidney Jing
Postnatal Jing is continually being used by the body and replenished by food and drink. The Prenatal Jing is enriched and functions optimally only through the action of the Postnatal Jing. Without the function of the Prenatal Jing, the Postnatal Jing cannot be transformed into Qi.
Qi is a fundamental concept or terminology in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with multiple levels of meanings. If you read enough in TCM,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you would find that TCM seems to use “qi” to describe almost all invisible forces that affect human lives and health. More specifically, Qi can devote the invisible forces both outside and inside the human body in many different ways (1). We will introduce some of these uses here as we lay out the some basic background of qi in Chinese philosophy and culture.
(iv) Kidney Jing determines our Constitution — Protection from exterior pathogens depends largely on the strength the Defensive (Wei Qi), discussed below. However, the state of Kidney Jing also influences our strength and resistance. If the Essence is “wasted” or poorly stored, the person may have lowered immunity to exogenous pathogenic influences and constantly be ill with colds, allergies, etc.
Conception and pregnancy are guided and controlled by Kidney Jing. When Kidney Jing is weak, signs such as infertility, chronic miscarriage and other such problems may occur.
In puberty, Kidney Jing controls reproductive function and fertility, and normal development into adulthood. Developmental problems that can occur at this time, such as amenorrhea, are often related to weak Kidney Jing.
Upright Qi is also known as Righteous Qi. This is not another type of Qi but a general term to indicate the various Qi protecting the body from invasion by Xie Qi.
The second use of Qi is vital energy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which stems from the Chinese character for Qi (气). Qi can be decomposed into two radicals, which stand for “vapor, steam or gas” and (uncooked) “rice” or grain. In the second case, it is the energy or life-resource within the grain that is called “qi”, not the material or chemical part itself. This is evidence by the fact that rice could lose its taste and “gain qi” after being offered as oblation to the soul. This usage implies that Qi can be used as immaterial as vapor and as dense and material as rice. It also implies that Qi could be just subtle substance (vapor) produced from a coarse one (rice), just as cooking rice produces steam. Thus, sinologists generally agree that Qi is matter-energy in the sense of modern physics.
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